Berzuini, C., Dawid, P., and Bernardinelli, L., eds. (2012). Causality: Statistical Perspectives and Applications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
Guo, S., and Fraser, M. W. (2015). Propensity Score Analysis: Statistical Methods and Applications. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Hernán, M. A., and Robins, J. M. (2020). Causal Inference: What If. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Imbens, G. W., and Rubin, D. B. (2015). Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lamm, M., Thompson, W. C., and Yung, Y.-F. (2019). “Building a Propensity Score Model with SAS/STAT Software: Planning and Practice.” In Proceedings of the SAS Global Forum 2019 Conference. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. https://www.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/support/en/sas-global-forum-proceedings/2019/3056-2019.pdf.
Lamm, M., and Yung, Y.-F. (2017). “Estimating Causal Effects from Observational Data with the CAUSALTRT Procedure.” In Proceedings of the SAS Global Forum 2017 Conference. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. http://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings17/SAS0374-2017.pdf.
Lunceford, J. K., and Davidian, M. (2004). “Stratification and Weighting via the Propensity Score in Estimation of Causal Treatment Effects: A Comparative Study.” Statistics in Medicine 23:2937–2960.
Morgan, S. L., and Winship, C. (2015). Counterfactuals and Causal Inference: Methods and Principles for Social Research. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Neyman, J., Dabrowska, D. M., and Speed, T. P. (1990). “On the Application of Probability Theory to Agricultural Experiments: Essay on Principles, Section 9.” Statistical Science 5:465–472. Translated and edited by Dabrowska and Speed from the Polish original by Neyman (1923).
Pearl, J. (2001). “Direct and Indirect Effects.” In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, edited by J. Breese and D. Koller, 411–420. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.
Pearl, J. (2009a). “Causal Inference in Statistics: An Overview.” Statistics Surveys 3:96–146.
Pearl, J. (2009b). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Robins, J. M., and Greenland, S. (1992). “Identifiability and Exchangeability for Direct and Indirect Effects.” Epidemiology 3:143–155.
Rosenbaum, P. R., and Rubin, D. B. (1983). “The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects.” Biometrika 70:41–55.
Rubin, D. B. (1990). “Comment: Neyman (1923) and Causal Inference in Experiments and Observational Studies.” Statistical Science 5:472–480.
Thompson, W. C. (2019). “Causal Graph Analysis with the CAUSALGRAPH Procedure.” In Proceedings of the SAS Global Forum 2019 Conference. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. https://www.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/support/en/sas-global-forum-proceedings/2019/2998-2019.pdf.
Thompson, W. C., Lamm, M., and Yung, Y.-F. (2020). “Causal Effect Estimands: Interpretation, Identification, and Computation.” In Proceedings of the SAS Global Forum 2020 Conference. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. https://www.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/support/en/sas-global-forum-proceedings/2020/4322-2020.pdf.
Valeri, L., and VanderWeele, T. J. (2013). “Mediation Analysis Allowing for Exposure-Mediator Interactions and Causal Interpretation: Theoretical Assumptions and Implementation with SAS and SPSS Macros.” Psychological Methods 18:137–150.
VanderWeele, T. J. (2014). “A Unification of Mediation and Interaction: A 4-Way Decomposition.” Epidemiology 25:749–761.
VanderWeele, T. J. (2015). Explanation in Causal Inference: Methods for Mediation and Interaction. New York: Oxford University Press.
Yuan, Y., Yung, Y.-F., and Stokes, M. (2017). “Propensity Score Methods for Causal Inference with the PSMATCH Procedure.” In Proceedings of the SAS Global Forum 2017 Conference. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. http://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings17/SAS0332-2017.pdf.
Yung, Y.-F., Lamm, M., and Zhang, W. (2018). “Causal Mediation Analysis with the CAUSALMED Procedure.” In Proceedings of the SAS Global Forum 2018 Conference. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. https://www.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/support/en/sas-global-forum-proceedings/2018/1991-2018.pdf.