The PROBIT Procedure

Plot Options Superseded by ODS Graphics

You can select one of the following two types of graphics in PROC PROBIT: ODS and traditional. ODS Graphics is the preferred method of creating graphs, superseding traditional graphs.

When ODS Graphics is enabled, you can use the PLOTS= option in the PROC PROBIT statement to create plots by using ODS Graphics. For more information about ODS Graphics options, see the PLOTS= option.

There are four plot statements that you can use to request traditional high-resolution plots: CDFPLOT, IPPPLOT, LPREDPLOT, and PREDPPLOT. Some of these statements apply only to either the binomial model or the multinomial model. Table 8 shows the availability of these statements for different models.

Table 8: Plot Statement Availability

Statement Binomial Multinomial
CDFPLOT No Yes
IPPPLOT Yes No
LPREDPLOT Yes Yes
PREDPPLOT Yes Yes


The following example uses the data set study in the section Estimating the Natural Response Threshold Parameter to illustrate how to create high-resolution plots for the binomial model:

proc probit data=study log10 optc;
   model respond/number=dose;
   predpplot var=dose cfit=blue; inset;
   lpredplot var=dose cfit=blue; inset;
   ippplot   var=dose cfit=blue; inset/pos=se;
run;

All plot statements must follow the MODEL statement. The VAR= option specifies a continuous independent variable (dose variable) against which the predicted probability or the linear predictor is plotted. The INSET statement requests the inset box with summary information. See the section INSET Statement for more details.

The PREDPPLOT statement creates a plot that shows the relationship between dosage level, observed response proportions, and estimated probability values. See the section PREDPPLOT Statement for more details. The IPPPLOT statement creates a similar plot. See the section IPPPLOT Statement for details about this plot. The LPREDPLOT statement creates a linear predictor plot, which is described in the section LPREDPLOT Statement.

The following example uses the data set multi from Example 100.2 to illustrate how to create high-resolution plots for the multinomial model:

proc probit data=multi order=data;
   class prep;
   model symptoms=prep ldose;
   cdfplot var=ldose  level=("None" "Mild" "Severe")
             cfit=blue cframe=ligr noconf;
   lpredplot var=ldose  level=("None" "Mild" "Severe")
             cfit=blue cframe=ligr;
   predpplot var=ldose  level=("None" "Mild" "Severe")
             cfit=blue cframe=ligr;
   weight n;
run;

The CDFPLOT statement creates a plot that shows the relationship between the cumulative response probabilities and the dose levels. The multinomial model plots are similar to those with the binomial model.

You can specify the following option in the PROC LIFEREG statement:

GOUT=graphics-catalog

specifies a graphics catalog in which to save graphics output.

CDFPLOT Statement

  • CDFPLOT <VAR=variable> <options>;

The CDFPLOT statement plots the predicted cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the multinomial response variable as a function of a single continuous independent variable (dose variable). You can use this statement only after a multinomial model statement.

VAR=variable

specifies a single continuous variable (dose variable) in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement. If a VAR= variable is not specified, the first single continuous variable in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement is used. If such a variable does not exist in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement, an error is reported.

The predicted cumulative distribution function is defined as

ModifyingAbove upper F With caret Subscript j Baseline left-parenthesis bold x right-parenthesis equals upper C plus left-parenthesis 1 minus upper C right-parenthesis upper F left-parenthesis ModifyingAbove a With caret Subscript j Baseline plus bold x prime ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret right-parenthesis

where j equals 1 comma ellipsis comma k are the indexes of the k levels of the multinomial response variable, F is the CDF of the distribution used to model the cumulative probabilities, ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret is the vector of estimated parameters, bold x is the covariate vector, ModifyingAbove a With caret Subscript j are estimated ordinal intercepts with ModifyingAbove a With caret Subscript 1 Baseline equals 0, and C is the threshold parameter, either known or estimated from the model. Let x 1 be the covariate corresponding to the dose variable and bold x Subscript negative 1 be the vector of the rest of the covariates. Let the corresponding estimated parameters be ModifyingAbove b With caret Subscript 1 and ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret Subscript negative 1. Then

StartLayout 1st Row  ModifyingAbove upper F With caret Subscript j Baseline left-parenthesis bold x right-parenthesis equals upper C plus left-parenthesis 1 minus upper C right-parenthesis upper F left-parenthesis ModifyingAbove a With caret Subscript j Baseline plus x 1 ModifyingAbove b With caret Subscript 1 Baseline plus bold x prime Subscript negative 1 Baseline ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret Subscript negative 1 Baseline right-parenthesis EndLayout

To plot ModifyingAbove upper F With caret Subscript j as a function of x 1, bold x Subscript negative 1 must be specified. You can use the XDATA= option to provide the values of bold x Subscript negative 1 (see the XDATA= option in the PROC PROBIT statement for details), or use the default values that follow these rules:

  • If the effect contains a continuous variable (or variables), the overall mean of this effect is used.

  • If the effect is a single classification variable, the highest level of the variable is used.

options

specify the levels of the multinomial response variable for which the CDF curves are requested, and add features to the plot. There are k – 1 curves for a k-level multinomial response variable (for the highest level, it is the constant line 1). You can specify any of them to be plotted by the LEVEL= option in the CDFPLOT statement. See the LEVEL= option for how to specify the levels.

An attached box on the right side of the plot is used to label these curves with the names of their levels. You can specify the color of this box by using the CLABBOX= option.

You can use options in the CDFPLOT statement to do the following:

  • superimpose specification limits

  • specify the levels for which the CDF curves are requested

  • specify graphical enhancements (such as color or text height)

Summary of Options

Table 9 through Table 15 summarize the options available in the CDFPLOT statement. The Dictionary of Options describes each option in detail.

Table 9: CDFPLOT Statement Options

LEVEL=(character-list) Specifies the names of the levels for which the CDF curves are requested
NOTHRESH Suppresses the threshold line
THRESHLABPOS=value Specifies the position for the label of the threshold line


Table 10: Color Options

CAXIS=color Specifies color for axis
CFIT=color Specifies color for fitted curves
CFRAME=color Specifies color for frame
CGRID=color Specifies color for grid lines
CHREF=color Specifies color for HREF= lines
CLABBOX=color Specifies color for label box
CTEXT=color Specifies color for text
CVREF=color Specifies color for VREF= lines


Table 11: Options to Enhance Plots Produced on Graphics Devices

ANNOTATE=SAS-data-set Specifies an Annotate data set
INBORDER Requests a border around plot
LFIT=linetype Specifies line style for fitted curves
LGRID=linetype Specifies line style for grid lines
NOFIT Suppresses CDF curves
NOFRAME Suppresses the frame around plotting areas
NOGRID Suppresses grid lines
NOHLABEL Suppresses horizontal labels
NOHTICK Suppresses horizontal ticks
NOVTICK Suppresses vertical ticks
TURNVLABELS Vertically strings out characters in vertical labels
WFIT=n Specifies thickness for fitted curves
WGRID=n Specifies thickness for grids
WREFL=n Specifies thickness for reference lines


Table 12: Axis Options

HAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3> Specifies tick mark values for horizontal axis
HLOWER=value Specifies lower limit on horizontal axis scale
HOFFSET=value Specifies offset for horizontal axis
HUPPER=value Specifies upper limit on horizontal axis scale
NHTICK=n Specifies number of ticks for horizontal axis
NVTICK=n Specifies number of ticks for vertical axis
VAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3> Specifies tick mark values for vertical axis
VAXISLABEL='label' Specifies label for vertical axis
VLOWER=value Specifies lower limit on vertical axis scale
VOFFSET=value Specifies offset for vertical axis
VUPPER=value Specifies upper limit on vertical axis scale
WAXIS=n Specifies thickness for axis


Table 13: Graphics Catalog Options

DESCRIPTION='string' Specifies description for graphics catalog member
NAME='string' Specifies name for plot in graphics catalog


Table 14: Options for Text Enhancement

FONT=font Specifies software font for text
HEIGHT=value Specifies height of text outside framed areas
INHEIGHT=value Specifies height of text inside framed areas


Table 15: Options for Reference Lines

HREF< (INTERSECT)>=value-list Requests horizontal reference line
HREFLABELS=('label1',…,'labeln') Specifies labels for HREF= lines
HREFLABPOS=n Specifies vertical position of labels for HREF= lines
LHREF=linetype Specifies line style for HREF= lines
LVREF=linetype Specifies line style for VREF= lines
VREF<(INTERSECT)>=value-list Requests vertical reference line
VREFLABELS=('label1',…,'labeln') Specifies labels for VREF= lines
VREFLABPOS=n Specifies horizontal position of labels for VREF= lines


Dictionary of Options

The following entries provide detailed descriptions of the options in the CDFPLOT statement.

ANNOTATE=SAS-data-set
ANNO=SAS-data-set

specifies an Annotate data set, as described in SAS/GRAPH: Reference, that enables you to add features to the CDF plot. The ANNOTATE= data set you specify in the CDFPLOT statement is used for all plots created by the statement.

CAXIS=color
CAXES=color

specifies the color for the axes and tick marks. This option overrides any COLOR= specifications in an AXIS statement. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CFIT=color

specifies the color for the fitted CDF curves. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CFRAME=color
CFR=color

specifies the color for the area enclosed by the axes and frame. This area is not shaded by default.

CGRID=color

specifies the color for grid lines. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CLABBOX=color

specifies the color for the area enclosed by the label box for CDF curves. This area is not shaded by default.

CHREF=color
CH=color

specifies the color for lines requested by the HREF= option. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CTEXT=color

specifies the color for tick mark values and axis labels. The default is the color specified for the CTEXT= option in the most recent GOPTIONS statement.

CVREF=color
CV=color

specifies the color for lines requested by the VREF= option. The default is the first color in the device color list.

DESCRIPTION="string"
DES="string"

specifies a description, up to 40 characters, that appears in the PROC GREPLAY master menu. The default is the variable name.

FONT=font

specifies a software font for reference line and axis labels. You can also specify fonts for axis labels in an AXIS statement. The FONT= font takes precedence over the FTEXT= font specified in the most recent GOPTIONS statement. Hardware characters are used by default.

HAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3>

specifies tick mark values for the horizontal axis; value1, value2, and value3 must be numeric, and value1 must be less than value2. The lower tick mark is value1. Tick marks are drawn at increments of value3. The last tick mark is the greatest value that does not exceed value2. If value3 is omitted, a value of 1 is used.

Examples of HAXIS= lists follow:

   haxis = 0 to 10
   haxis = 2 to 10 by 2
   haxis = 0 to 200 by 10
HEIGHT=value

specifies the height of text outside framed areas. The default value is 3.846 (in percentage).

HLOWER=value

specifies the lower limit on the horizontal axis scale. The HLOWER= option specifies value as the lower horizontal axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the upper axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the HAXIS= option is used.

HOFFSET=value

specifies offset for horizontal axis. The default value is 1.

HREF <(INTERSECT)> =value-list

requests reference lines perpendicular to the horizontal axis. If (INTERSECT) is specified, a second reference line perpendicular to the vertical axis is drawn that intersects the fit line at the same point as the horizontal axis reference line. If a horizontal axis reference line label is specified, the intersecting vertical axis reference line is labeled with the vertical axis value. See also the CHREF=, HREFLABELS=, and LHREF= options.

HREFLABELS='label1',…,'labeln'
HREFLABEL='label1',…,'labeln'
HREFLAB='label1',…,'labeln'

specifies labels for the lines requested by the HREF= option. The number of labels must equal the number of lines. Enclose each label in quotes. Labels can be up to 16 characters.

HREFLABPOS=n

specifies the vertical position of labels for HREF= lines. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Top
2 Staggered from top
3 Bottom
4 Staggered from bottom
5 Alternating from top
6 Alternating from bottom

HUPPER=value

specifies value as the upper horizontal axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the lower axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the HAXIS= option is used.

INBORDER

requests a border around CDF plots.

INHEIGHT=value

specifies the height of text inside framed areas.

LEVEL=(character-list)
ORDINAL=(character-list)

specifies the names of the levels for which CDF curves are requested. Names should be quoted and separated by space. If there is no correct name provided, no CDF curve is plotted.

LFIT=linetype

specifies a line style for fitted curves. By default, fitted curves are drawn by connecting solid lines (linetype = 1).

LGRID=linetype

specifies a line style for all grid lines. linetype is between 1 and 46. The default is 35.

LHREF=linetype
LH=linetype

specifies the line type for lines requested by the HREF= option. The default is 2, which produces a dashed line.

LVREF=linetype
LV=linetype

specifies the line type for lines requested by the VREF= option. The default is 2, which produces a dashed line.

NAME='string'

specifies a name for the plot, up to eight characters, that appears in the PROC GREPLAY master menu. The default is ’PROBIT’.

NHTICK=n

specifies the number of ticks for the horizontal axis.

NOFIT

suppresses the fitted CDF curves.

NOFRAME

suppresses the frame around plotting areas.

NOGRID

suppresses grid lines.

NOHLABEL

suppresses horizontal labels.

NOHTICK

suppresses horizontal tick marks.

NOTHRESH

suppresses the threshold line.

NOVLABEL

suppresses vertical labels.

NVTICK=n

specifies the number of ticks for the vertical axis.

NOVTICK

suppresses vertical tick marks.

THRESHLABPOS=n

specifies the horizontal position of labels for the threshold line. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Left
2 Right

TURNVLABELS

vertically strings out characters in vertical labels.

VAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3>

specifies tick mark values for the vertical axis; value1, value2, and value3 must be numeric, and value1 must be less than value2. The lower tick mark is value1. Tick marks are drawn at increments of value3. The last tick mark is the greatest value that does not exceed value2. This method of specification of tick marks is not valid for logarithmic axes. If value3 is omitted, a value of 1 is used.

Examples of VAXIS= lists follow:

   vaxis = 0 to 10
   vaxis = 0 to 2 by .1
VAXISLABEL='string'

specifies a label for the vertical axis.

VLOWER=value

specifies the lower limit on the vertical axis scale. The VLOWER= option specifies value as the lower vertical axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the upper axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the VAXIS= option is used.

VOFFSET=value

specifies the offset for the vertical axis.

VREF=value-list

requests reference lines perpendicular to the vertical axis. If (INTERSECT) is specified, a second reference line perpendicular to the horizontal axis is drawn that intersects the fit line at the same point as the vertical axis reference line. If a vertical axis reference line label is specified, the intersecting horizontal axis reference line is labeled with the horizontal axis value. See also the CVREF=, LVREF=, and VREFLABELS= options.

VREFLABELS='label1',…,'labeln'
VREFLABEL='label1',…,'labeln'
VREFLAB='label1',…,'labeln'

specifies labels for the lines requested by the VREF= option. The number of labels must equal the number of lines. Enclose each label in quotes. Labels can be up to 16 characters.

VREFLABPOS=n

specifies the horizontal position of labels for VREF= lines. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Left
2 Right

VUPPER=value

specifies the upper limit on the vertical axis scale. The VUPPER= option specifies value as the upper vertical axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the lower axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the VAXIS= option is used.

WAXIS=n

specifies line thickness for axes and frame. The default value is 1.

WFIT=n

specifies line thickness for fitted curves. The default value is 1.

WGRID=n

specifies line thickness for grids. The default value is 1.

WREFL=n

specifies line thickness for reference lines. The default value is 1.

INSET Statement

  • INSET <keyword-list> </ options>;

The box or table of summary information produced on plots made with the CDFPLOT, IPPPLOT, LPREDPLOT, or PREDPPLOT statement is called an inset. You can use the INSET statement to customize both the information that is printed in the inset box and the appearance of the inset box. To supply the information that is displayed in the inset box, you specify keywords corresponding to the information you want shown. For example, the following statements produce a predicted probability plot with the number of trials, the number of events, the name of the distribution, and the estimated optimum natural threshold in the inset.

proc probit data=epidemic;
   model r/n = dose;
   predpplot;
   inset nobs ntrials nevents dist optc;
run;

By default, inset entries are identified with appropriate labels. However, you can provide a customized label by specifying the keyword for that entry followed by the equal sign (=) and the label in quotes. For example, the following INSET statement produces an inset containing the number of observations and the name of the distribution, labeled "Sample Size" and "Distribution" in the inset.

inset nobs='Sample Size' dist='Distribution';

If you specify a keyword that does not apply to the plot you are creating, then the keyword is ignored.

The options control the appearance of the box.

If you specify more than one INSET statement, only the first one is used.

Keywords Used in the INSET Statement

Table 16 and Table 17 list keywords available in the INSET statement to display summary statistics, distribution parameters, and distribution fitting information.

Table 16: Summary Statistics

C User-input threshold
NEVENTS Number of events
NOBS Number of observations
NRESPLEV Number of levels of the response variable
NTRIALS Number of trials
OPTC Estimated natural threshold


Table 17: General Information

CONFIDENCE Confidence coefficient for all confidence intervals
DIST Name of the distribution


Options Used in the INSET Statement

Table 18 and Table 19 list the options available in the INSET statement.

Table 18: Color and Pattern Options

CFILL=color Specifies color for filling box
CFILLH=color Specifies color for filling box header
CFRAME=color Specifies color for frame
CHEADER=color Specifies color for text in header
CTEXT=color Specifies color for text


Table 19: General Appearance Options

FONT=font Specifies software font for text
HEADER=’'quoted-string' Specifies text for header or box title
HEIGHT=value Specifies height of text
NOFRAME Omits frame around box
POS= value
<DATA | PERCENT> Determines the position of the inset. The value can be a compass point (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) or a pair of coordinates (x, y) enclosed in parentheses. The coordinates can be specified in axis percentage units or axis data units.
REFPOINT= name Specifies the reference point for an inset that is positioned by a pair of coordinates with the POS= option. You use the REFPOINT= option in conjunction with the POS= coordinates. The REFPOINT= option specifies which corner of the inset frame you have specified with coordinates (x, y), and it can take the value of BR (bottom right), BL (bottom left), TR (top right), or TL (top left). The default is REFPOINT=BL. If the inset position is specified as a compass point, then the REFPOINT= option is ignored.


IPPPLOT Statement

  • IPPPLOT <variable> <options>;

The IPPPLOT statement plots the inverse of the predicted probability (IPP) against a single continuous variable (dose variable) in the MODEL statement for the binomial model. You can use this statement only after a binomial model statement. The confidence limits for the predicted values of the dose variable are the computed fiducial limits, not the inverse of the confidence limits of the predicted probabilities. See the section Inverse Confidence Limits for more details.

VAR= variable

specifies a single continuous variable (dose variable) in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement. If a VAR= variable is not specified, the first single continuous variable in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement is used. If such a variable does not exist in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement, an error is reported.

For the binomial model, the response variable is a probability. An estimate of the dose level ModifyingAbove x With caret Subscript 1 needed for a response of p is given by

StartLayout 1st Row  ModifyingAbove x With caret Subscript 1 Baseline equals left-parenthesis upper F Superscript negative 1 Baseline left-parenthesis p right-parenthesis minus bold x prime Subscript negative 1 Baseline ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret Subscript negative 1 Baseline right-parenthesis slash ModifyingAbove b With caret Subscript 1 EndLayout

where F is the cumulative distribution function used to model the probability, bold x Subscript negative 1 is the vector of the rest of the covariates, ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret Subscript negative 1 is the vector of the estimated parameters corresponding to bold x Subscript negative 1, and ModifyingAbove b With caret Subscript 1 is the estimated parameter for the dose variable of interest.

To plot ModifyingAbove x With caret Subscript 1 as a function of p, bold x Subscript negative 1 must be specified. You can use the XDATA= option to provide the values of bold x Subscript negative 1 (see the XDATA= option in the PROC PROBIT statement for details), or use the default values that follow these rules:

  • If the effect contains a continuous variable (or variables), the overall mean of this effect is used.

  • If the effect is a single classification variable, the highest level of the variable is used.

options

add features to the plot.

You can use options in the IPPPLOT statement to do the following:

  • superimpose specification limits

  • suppress or add the observed data points on the plot

  • suppress or add the fiducial limits on the plot

  • specify graphical enhancements (such as color or text height)

Summary of Options

Table 20 through Table 26 summarize the options available in the IPPPLOT statement. The Dictionary of Options describes each option in detail.

Table 20: Plot Layout Options for the IPPPLOT Statement

NOCONF Suppresses fiducial limits
NODATA Suppresses observed data points on the plot
NOTHRESH Suppresses the threshold line
THRESHLABPOS=value Specifies the position for the label of the threshold line


Table 21: Color Options

CAXIS=color Specifies color for axis
CFIT=color Specifies color for fitted curves
CFRAME=color Specifies color for frame
CGRID=color Specifies color for grid lines
CHREF=color Specifies color for HREF= lines
CTEXT=color Specifies color for text
CVREF=color Specifies color for VREF= lines


Table 22: Options to Enhance Plots Produced on Graphics Devices

ANNOTATE=SAS-data-set Specifies an Annotate data set
INBORDER Requests a border around plot
LFIT=linetype Specifies line style for fitted curves and confidence limits
LGRID=linetype Specifies line style for grid lines
NOFIT Suppresses fitted curves
NOFRAME Suppresses the frame around plotting areas
NOGRID Suppresses grid lines
NOHLABEL Suppresses horizontal labels
NOHTICK Suppresses horizontal ticks
NOVTICK Suppresses vertical ticks
TURNVLABELS Vertically strings out characters in vertical labels
WFIT=n Specifies thickness for fitted curves
WGRID=n Specifies thickness for grids
WREFL=n Specifies thickness for reference lines


Table 23: Axis Options

HAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3> Specifies tick mark values for horizontal axis
HLOWER=value Specifies lower limit on horizontal axis scale
HOFFSET=value Specifies offset for horizontal axis
HUPPER=value Specifies upper limit on horizontal axis scale
NHTICK=n Specifies number of ticks for horizontal axis
NVTICK=n Specifies number of ticks for vertical axis
VAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3> Specifies tick mark values for vertical axis
VAXISLABEL='label' Specifies label for vertical axis
VLOWER=value Specifies lower limit on vertical axis scale
VOFFSET=value Specifies offset for vertical axis
VUPPER=value Specifies upper limit on vertical axis scale
WAXIS=n Specifies thickness for axis


Table 24: Options for Reference Lines

HREF<(INTERSECT)>=value-list Requests horizontal reference line
HREFLABELS=('label1',…,'labeln') Specifies labels for HREF= lines
HREFLABPOS=n Specifies vertical position of labels for HREF= lines
LHREF=linetype Specifies line style for HREF= lines
LVREF=linetype Specifies line style for VREF= lines
VREF<(INTERSECT)> =value-list Requests vertical reference line
VREFLABELS=('label1',…,'labeln') Specifies labels for VREF= lines
VREFLABPOS=n Specifies horizontal position of labels for VREF= lines


Table 25: Graphics Catalog Options

DESCRIPTION='string' Specifies description for graphics catalog member
NAME='string' Specifies name for plot in graphics catalog


Table 26: Options for Text Enhancement

FONT=font Specifies software font for text
HEIGHT=value Specifies height of text outside framed areas
INHEIGHT=value Specifies height of text inside framed areas


Dictionary of Options

The following entries provide detailed descriptions of the options in the IPPPLOT statement.

ANNOTATE=SAS-data-set
ANNO=SAS-data-set

specifies an Annotate data set, as described in SAS/GRAPH: Reference, that enables you to add features to the IPP plot. The ANNOTATE= data set you specify in the IPPPLOT statement is used for all plots created by the statement.

CAXIS=color
CAXES=color

specifies the color for the axes and tick marks. This option overrides any COLOR= specifications in an AXIS statement. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CFIT=color

specifies the color for the fitted IPP curves. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CFRAME=color
CFR=color

specifies the color for the area enclosed by the axes and frame. This area is not shaded by default.

CGRID=color

specifies the color for grid lines. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CHREF=color
CH=color

specifies the color for lines requested by the HREF= option. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CTEXT=color

specifies the color for tick mark values and axis labels. The default is the color specified for the CTEXT= option in the most recent GOPTIONS statement.

CVREF=color
CV=color

specifies the color for lines requested by the VREF= option. The default is the first color in the device color list.

DESCRIPTION='string'
DES='string'

specifies a description, up to 40 characters, that appears in the PROC GREPLAY master menu. The default is the variable name.

FONT=font

specifies a software font for reference line and axis labels. You can also specify fonts for axis labels in an AXIS statement. The FONT= font takes precedence over the FTEXT= font specified in the most recent GOPTIONS statement. Hardware characters are used by default.

HAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3>

specifies tick mark values for the horizontal axis; value1, value2, and value3 must be numeric, and value1 must be less than value2. The lower tick mark is value1. Tick marks are drawn at increments of value3. The last tick mark is the greatest value that does not exceed value2. If value3 is omitted, a value of 1 is used.

Examples of HAXIS= lists follow:

   haxis = 0 to 10
   haxis = 2 to 10 by 2
   haxis = 0 to 200 by 10
HEIGHT=value

specifies the height of text outside framed areas. The default value is 3.846 (in percentage).

HLOWER=value

specifies the lower limit on the horizontal axis scale. The HLOWER= option specifies value as the lower horizontal axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the upper axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the HAXIS= option is used.

HOFFSET=value

specifies the offset for the horizontal axis. The default value is 1.

HREF <(INTERSECT)> =value-list

requests reference lines perpendicular to the horizontal axis. If (INTERSECT) is specified, a second reference line perpendicular to the vertical axis is drawn that intersects the fit line at the same point as the horizontal axis reference line. If a horizontal axis reference line label is specified, the intersecting vertical axis reference line is labeled with the vertical axis value. See also the CHREF=, HREFLABELS=, and LHREF= options.

HREFLABELS='label1',…,'labeln'
HREFLABEL='label1',…,'labeln'
HREFLAB='label1',…,'labeln'

specifies labels for the lines requested by the HREF= option. The number of labels must equal the number of lines. Enclose each label in quotes. Labels can be up to 16 characters.

HREFLABPOS=n

specifies the vertical position of labels for HREF= lines. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Top
2 Staggered from top
3 Bottom
4 Staggered from bottom
5 Alternating from top
6 Alternating from bottom

HUPPER=value

specifies value as the upper horizontal axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the lower axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the HAXIS= option is used.

INBORDER

requests a border around IPP plots.

INHEIGHT=value

specifies the height of text inside framed areas.

LFIT=linetype

specifies a line style for fitted curves and confidence limits. By default, fitted curves are drawn by connecting solid lines (linetype = 1) and confidence limits are drawn by connecting dashed lines (linetype = 3).

LGRID=linetype

specifies a line style for all grid lines. The value for linetype must be between 1 and 46. The default is 35.

LHREF=linetype
LH=linetype

specifies the line type for lines requested by the HREF= option. The default is 2, which produces a dashed line.

LVREF=linetype
LV=linetype

specifies the line type for lines requested by the VREF= option. The default is 2, which produces a dashed line.

NAME='string'

specifies a name for the plot, up to eight characters, that appears in the PROC GREPLAY master menu. The default is ’PROBIT’.

NHTICK=n

specifies the number of ticks for the horizontal axis.

NOCONF

suppresses fiducial limits from the plot.

NODATA

suppresses observed data points from the plot.

NOFIT

suppresses the fitted IPP curves.

NOFRAME

suppresses the frame around plotting areas.

NOGRID

suppresses grid lines.

NOHLABEL

suppresses horizontal labels.

NOHTICK

suppresses horizontal tick marks.

NOTHRESH

suppresses the threshold line.

NOVLABEL

suppresses vertical labels.

NOVTICK

suppresses vertical tick marks.

NVTICK=n

specifies the number of ticks for the vertical axis.

THRESHLABPOS=n

specifies the vertical position of labels for the threshold line. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Top
2 Bottom

TURNVLABELS

vertically strings out characters in vertical labels.

VAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3>

specifies tick mark values for the vertical axis; value1, value2, and value3 must be numeric, and value1 must be less than value2. The lower tick mark is value1. Tick marks are drawn at increments of value3. The last tick mark is the greatest value that does not exceed value2. This method of specification of tick marks is not valid for logarithmic axes. If value3 is omitted, a value of 1 is used.

Examples of VAXIS= lists follow:

   vaxis = 0 to 10
   vaxis = 0 to 2 by .1
VAXISLABEL='string'

specifies a label for the vertical axis.

VLOWER=value

specifies the lower limit on the vertical axis scale. The VLOWER= option specifies value as the lower vertical axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the upper axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the VAXIS= option is used.

VOFFSET=value

specifies the offset for the vertical axis.

VREF=value-list

requests reference lines perpendicular to the vertical axis. If (INTERSECT) is specified, a second reference line perpendicular to the horizontal axis is drawn that intersects the fit line at the same point as the vertical axis reference line. If a vertical axis reference line label is specified, the intersecting horizontal axis reference line is labeled with the horizontal axis value. See also the CVREF=, LVREF=, and VREFLABELS= options.

VREFLABELS='label1',…,'labeln'
VREFLABEL='label1',…,'labeln'
VREFLAB='label1',…,'labeln'

specifies labels for the lines requested by the VREF= option. The number of labels must equal the number of lines. Enclose each label in quotes. Labels can be up to 16 characters.

VREFLABPOS=n

specifies the horizontal position of labels for VREF= lines. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Left
2 Right

VUPPER=value

specifies the upper limit on the vertical axis scale. The VUPPER= option specifies value as the upper vertical axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the lower axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the VAXIS= option is used.

WAXIS=n

specifies line thickness for axes and frame. The default value is 1.

WFIT=n

specifies line thickness for fitted curves. The default value is 1.

WGRID=n

specifies line thickness for grids. The default value is 1.

WREFL=n

specifies line thickness for reference lines. The default value is 1.

LPREDPLOT Statement

  • LPREDPLOT <VAR=variable> <options>;

The LPREDPLOT statement plots the linear predictor (LPRED) bold x prime bold b against a single continuous variable (dose variable) in the MODEL statement for either the binomial model or the multinomial model. The confidence limits for the predicted values are available only for the binomial model.

VAR= variable

specifies a single continuous variable (dose variable) in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement for which the linear predictor plot is plotted. If a VAR= variable is not specified, the first single continuous variable in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement is used. If such a variable does not exist in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement, an error is reported.

Let x 1 be the covariate of the dose variable, bold x Subscript negative 1 be the vector of the rest of the covariates, ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret Subscript negative 1 be the vector of estimated parameters corresponding to bold x Subscript negative 1, and ModifyingAbove b With caret Subscript 1 be the estimated parameter for the dose variable of interest.

To plot ModifyingAbove bold x With bold caret prime bold b as a function of x 1, bold x Subscript negative 1 must be specified. You can use the XDATA= option to provide the values of bold x Subscript negative 1 (see the XDATA= option in the PROC PROBIT statement for details), or use the default values that follow these rules:

  • If the effect contains a continuous variable (or variables), the overall mean of this effect is used.

  • If the effect is a single classification variable, the highest level of the variable is used.

options

add features to the plot.

For the multinomial model, you can use the LEVEL= option to specify the levels for which the linear predictor lines are plotted. The lines are labeled by the names of their levels in the middle.

You can use options in the LPREDPLOT statement to do the following:

  • superimpose specification limits

  • suppress or add the observed data points on the plot for the binomial model

  • suppress or add the confidence limits for the binomial model

  • specify the levels for which the linear predictor lines are requested for the multinomial model

  • specify graphical enhancements (such as color or text height)

Summary of Options

Table 27 through Table 33 list all options by function. The Dictionary of Options describes each option in detail.

Table 27: Plot Layout Options for the LPREDPLOT Statement

LEVEL=(character-list) Specifies the names of the levels for which the linear predictor lines are requested (only for the multinomial model )
NOCONF Suppresses fiducial limits (only for the binomial model)
NODATA Suppresses observed data points on the plot (only for the binomial model)
NOTHRESH Suppresses the threshold line
THRESHLABPOS=value Specifies the position for the label of the threshold line


Table 28: Color Options

CAXIS=color Specifies color for axis
CFIT=color Specifies color for fitted curves
CFRAME=color Specifies color for frame
CGRID=color Specifies color for grid lines
CHREF=color Specifies color for HREF= lines
CTEXT=color Specifies color for text
CVREF=color Specifies color for VREF= lines


Table 29: Options to Enhance Plots Produced on Graphics Devices

ANNOTATE=SAS-data-set Specifies an Annotate data set
INBORDER Requests a border around plot
LFIT=linetype Specifies line style for fitted curves and confidence limits
LGRID=linetype Specifies line style for grid lines
NOFIT Suppresses fitted curves
NOFRAME Suppresses the frame around plotting areas
NOGRID Suppresses grid lines
NOHLABEL Suppresses horizontal labels
NOHTICK Suppresses horizontal ticks
NOVTICK Suppresses vertical ticks
TURNVLABELS Vertically strings out characters in vertical labels
WFIT=n Specifies thickness for fitted curves
WGRID=n Specifies thickness for grids
WREFL=n Specifies thickness for reference lines


Table 30: Axis Options

HAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3> Specifies tick mark values for horizontal axis
HLOWER=value Specifies lower limit on horizontal axis scale
HOFFSET=value Specifies offset for horizontal axis
HUPPER=value Specifies upper limit on horizontal axis scale
NHTICK=n Specifies number of ticks for horizontal axis
NVTICK=n Specifies number of ticks for vertical axis
VAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3> Specifies tick mark values for vertical axis
VAXISLABEL='label' Specifies label for vertical axis
VLOWER=value Specifies lower limit on vertical axis scale
VOFFSET=value Specifies offset for vertical axis
VUPPER=value Specifies upper limit on vertical axis scale
WAXIS=n Specifies thickness for axis


Table 31: Graphics Catalog Options

DESCRIPTION='string' Specifies description for graphics catalog member
NAME='string' Specifies name for plot in graphics catalog


Table 32: Options for Text Enhancement

FONT=font Specifies software font for text
HEIGHT=value Specifies height of text outside framed areas
INHEIGHT=value Specifies height of text inside framed areas


Table 33: Options for Reference Lines

HREF<(INTERSECT)>=value-list Requests horizontal reference line
HREFLABELS=('label1',…,'labeln') Specifies labels for HREF= lines
HREFLABPOS=n Specifies vertical position of labels for HREF= lines
LHREF=linetype Specifies line style for HREF= lines
LVREF=linetype Specifies line style for VREF= lines
VREF<(INTERSECT)>=value-list Requests vertical reference line
VREFLABELS=('label1',…,'labeln') Specifies labels for VREF= lines
VREFLABPOS=n Specifies horizontal position of labels for VREF= lines


Dictionary of Options

The following entries provide detailed descriptions of the options in the LPREDPLOT statement.

ANNOTATE=SAS-data-set
ANNO=SAS-data-set

specifies an Annotate data set, as described in SAS/GRAPH: Reference, that enables you to add features to the LPRED plot. The ANNOTATE= data set you specify in the LPREDPLOT statement is used for all plots created by the statement.

CAXIS=color
CAXES=color

specifies the color for the axes and tick marks. This option overrides any COLOR= specifications in an AXIS statement. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CFIT=color

specifies the color for the fitted LPRED lines. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CFRAME=color
CFR=color

specifies the color for the area enclosed by the axes and frame. This area is not shaded by default.

CGRID=color

specifies the color for grid lines. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CHREF=color
CH=color

specifies the color for lines requested by the HREF= option. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CTEXT=color

specifies the color for tick mark values and axis labels. The default is the color specified for the CTEXT= option in the most recent GOPTIONS statement.

CVREF=color
CV=color

specifies the color for lines requested by the VREF= option. The default is the first color in the device color list.

DESCRIPTION='string'
DES='string'

specifies a description, up to 40 characters, that appears in the PROC GREPLAY master menu. The default is the variable name.

FONT=font

specifies a software font for reference line and axis labels. You can also specify fonts for axis labels in an AXIS statement. The FONT= font takes precedence over the FTEXT= font specified in the most recent GOPTIONS statement. Hardware characters are used by default.

HAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3>

specifies tick mark values for the horizontal axis; value1, value2, and value3 must be numeric, and value1 must be less than value2. The lower tick mark is value1. Tick marks are drawn at increments of value3. The last tick mark is the greatest value that does not exceed value2. If value3 is omitted, a value of 1 is used.

Examples of HAXIS= lists follow:

   haxis = 0 to 10
   haxis = 2 to 10 by 2
   haxis = 0 to 200 by 10
HEIGHT=value

specifies the height of text outside framed areas. The default value is 3.846 (in percentage).

HLOWER=value

specifies the lower limit on the horizontal axis scale. The HLOWER= option specifies value as the lower horizontal axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the upper axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the HAXIS= option is used.

HOFFSET=value

specifies offset for horizontal axis. The default value is 1.

HREF <(INTERSECT)> =value-list

requests reference lines perpendicular to the horizontal axis. If (INTERSECT) is specified, a second reference line perpendicular to the vertical axis is drawn that intersects the fit line at the same point as the horizontal axis reference line. If a horizontal axis reference line label is specified, the intersecting vertical axis reference line is labeled with the vertical axis value. See also the CHREF=, HREFLABELS=, and LHREF= options.

HREFLABELS='label1',…,'labeln'
HREFLABEL='label1',…,'labeln'
HREFLAB='label1',…,'labeln'

specifies labels for the lines requested by the HREF= option. The number of labels must equal the number of lines. Enclose each label in quotes. Labels can be up to 16 characters.

HREFLABPOS=n

specifies the vertical position of labels for HREF= lines. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Top
2 Staggered from top
3 Bottom
4 Staggered from bottom
5 Alternating from top
6 Alternating from bottom

HUPPER=value

specifies value as the upper horizontal axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the lower axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the HAXIS= option is used.

INBORDER

requests a border around LPRED plots.

INHEIGHT=value

specifies the height of text inside framed areas.

LEVEL=(character-list)
ORDINAL=(character-list)

specifies the names of the levels for which linear predictor lines are requested. Names should be quoted and separated by space. If there is no correct name provided, no LPRED line is plotted.

LFIT=linetype

specifies a line style for fitted curves and confidence limits. By default, fitted curves are drawn by connecting solid lines (linetype = 1) and confidence limits are drawn by connecting dashed lines (linetype = 3).

LGRID=linetype

specifies a line style for all grid lines. The value for linetype is between 1 and 46. The default is 35.

LHREF=linetype
LH=linetype

specifies the line type for lines requested by the HREF= option. The default is 2, which produces a dashed line.

LVREF=linetype
LV=linetype

specifies the line type for lines requested by the VREF= option. The default is 2, which produces a dashed line.

NAME='string'

specifies a name for the plot, up to eight characters, that appears in the PROC GREPLAY master menu. The default is ’PROBIT’.

NHTICK=n

specifies the number of ticks for the horizontal axis.

NOCONF

suppresses confidence limits from the plot. This works only for the binomial model. Confidence limits are not plotted for the multinomial model.

NODATA

suppresses observed data points from the plot. This works only for the binomial model. Data points are not plotted for the multinomial model.

NOFIT

suppresses the fitted LPRED lines.

NOFRAME

suppresses the frame around plotting areas.

NOGRID

suppresses grid lines.

NOHLABEL

suppresses horizontal labels.

NOHTICK

suppresses horizontal tick marks.

NOTHRESH

suppresses the threshold line.

NOVLABEL

suppresses vertical labels.

NOVTICK

suppresses vertical tick marks.

NVTICK=n

specifies the number of ticks for the vertical axis.

THRESHLABPOS=n

specifies the horizontal position of labels for the threshold line. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Left
2 Right

TURNVLABELS

vertically strings out characters in vertical labels.

VAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3>

specifies tick mark values for the vertical axis; value1, value2, and value3 must be numeric, and value1 must be less than value2. The lower tick mark is value1. Tick marks are drawn at increments of value3. The last tick mark is the greatest value that does not exceed value2. This method of specification of tick marks is not valid for logarithmic axes. If value3 is omitted, a value of 1 is used.

Examples of VAXIS= lists follow:

   vaxis = 0 to 10
   vaxis = 0 to 2 by .1
VAXISLABEL='string'

specifies a label for the vertical axis.

VLOWER=value

specifies the lower limit on the vertical axis scale. The VLOWER= option specifies value as the lower vertical axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the upper axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the VAXIS= option is used.

VOFFSET=value

specifies the offset for the vertical axis.

VREF=value-list

requests reference lines perpendicular to the vertical axis. If (INTERSECT) is specified, a second reference line perpendicular to the horizontal axis is drawn that intersects the fit line at the same point as the vertical axis reference line. If a vertical axis reference line label is specified, the intersecting horizontal axis reference line is labeled with the horizontal axis value. See also the CVREF=, LVREF=, and VREFLABELS= options.

VREFLABELS='label1',…,'labeln'
VREFLABEL='label1',…,'labeln'
VREFLAB='label1',…,'labeln'

specifies labels for the lines requested by the VREF= option. The number of labels must equal the number of lines. Enclose each label in quotes. Labels can be up to 16 characters.

VREFLABPOS=n

specifies the horizontal position of labels for VREF= lines. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Left
2 Right

VUPPER=number

specifies the upper limit on the vertical axis scale. The VUPPER= option specifies number as the upper vertical axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the lower axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the VAXIS= option is used.

WAXIS=n

specifies line thickness for axes and frame. The default value is 1.

WFIT=n

specifies line thickness for fitted lines. The default value is 1.

WGRID=n

specifies line thickness for grids. The default value is 1.

WREFL=n

specifies line thickness for reference lines. The default value is 1.

PREDPPLOT Statement

  • PREDPPLOT <VAR=variable> <options>;

The PREDPPLOT statement plots the predicted probability against a single continuous variable (dose variable) in the MODEL statement for both the binomial model and the multinomial model. Confidence limits are available only for the binomial model. An attached box on the right side of the plot is used to label predicted probability curves with the names of their levels for the multinomial model. You can specify the color of this box by using the CLABBOX= option.

VAR=variable

specifies a single continuous variable (dose variable) in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement. If a VAR= variable is not specified, the first single continuous variable in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement is used. If such a variable does not exist in the independent variable list of the MODEL statement, an error is reported.

The predicted probability is

StartLayout 1st Row  ModifyingAbove p With caret equals upper C plus left-parenthesis 1 minus upper C right-parenthesis upper F left-parenthesis bold x prime ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret right-parenthesis EndLayout

for the binomial model and

StartLayout 1st Row 1st Column ModifyingAbove p With caret Subscript 1 2nd Column equals 3rd Column upper C plus left-parenthesis 1 minus upper C right-parenthesis upper F left-parenthesis bold x prime ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret right-parenthesis 2nd Row 1st Column ModifyingAbove p With caret Subscript j 2nd Column equals 3rd Column left-parenthesis 1 minus upper C right-parenthesis left-parenthesis upper F left-parenthesis ModifyingAbove a With caret Subscript j Baseline plus bold x prime ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret right-parenthesis minus upper F left-parenthesis ModifyingAbove a With caret Subscript j minus 1 Baseline plus bold x prime ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret right-parenthesis right-parenthesis j equals 2 comma ellipsis comma k minus 1 3rd Row 1st Column ModifyingAbove p With caret Subscript k 2nd Column equals 3rd Column left-parenthesis 1 minus upper C right-parenthesis left-parenthesis 1 minus upper F left-parenthesis ModifyingAbove a With caret Subscript k minus 1 Baseline plus bold x prime ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret right-parenthesis right-parenthesis EndLayout

for the multinomial model with k response levels, where F is the cumulative distribution function used to model the probability, bold x prime is the vector of the covariates, ModifyingAbove a With caret Subscript j are the estimated ordinal intercepts with ModifyingAbove a With caret Subscript 1 Baseline equals 0, C is the threshold parameter, either known or estimated from the model, and ModifyingAbove bold b With bold caret prime is the vector of estimated parameters.

To plot ModifyingAbove p With caret (or ModifyingAbove p With caret Subscript j) as a function of a continuous variable x 1, the remaining covariates bold x Subscript negative 1 must be specified. You can use the XDATA= option to provide the values of bold x Subscript negative 1 (see the XDATA= option in the PROC PROBIT statement for details), or use the default values that follow these rules:

  • If the effect contains a continuous variable (or variables), the overall mean of this effect is used.

  • If the effect is a single classification variable, the highest level of the variable is used.

options

enable you to plot the observed data and add features to the plot.

You can use options in the PREDPPLOT statement to do the following:

  • superimpose specification limits

  • suppress or add observed data points for the binomial model

  • suppress or add confidence limits for the binomial model

  • specify the levels for which predicted probability curves are requested for the multinomial model

  • specify graphical enhancements (such as color or text height)

Summary of Options

Table 34 through Table 40 list all options by function. The Dictionary of Options describes each option in detail.

Table 34: Plot Layout Options for the PREDPPLOT Statement

LEVEL=(character-list) Specifies the names of the levels for which the predicted probability curves are requested (only for the multinomial model)
NOCONF Suppresses confidence limits
NODATA Suppresses observed data points on the plot
NOTHRESH Suppresses the threshold line
THRESHLABPOS=value Specifies the position for the label of the threshold line


Table 35: Color Options

CAXIS=color Specifies color for the axes
CFIT=color Specifies color for fitted curves
CFRAME=color Specifies color for frame
CGRID=color Specifies color for grid lines
CHREF=color Specifies color for HREF= lines
CLABBOX=color Specifies color for label box
CTEXT=color Specifies color for text
CVREF=color Specifies color for VREF= lines


Table 36: Options to Enhance Plots Produced on Graphics Devices

ANNOTATE=SAS-data-set Specifies an Annotate data set
INBORDER Requests a border around plot
LFIT=linetype Specifies line style for fitted curves and confidence limits
LGRID=linetype Specifies line style for grid lines
NOFIT Suppresses fitted curves
NOFRAME Suppresses the frame around plotting areas
NOGRID Suppresses grid lines
NOHLABEL Suppresses horizontal labels
NOHTICK Suppresses horizontal ticks
NOVTICK Suppresses vertical ticks
TURNVLABELS Vertically strings out characters in vertical labels
WFIT=n Specifies thickness for fitted curves
WGRID=n Specifies thickness for grids
WREFL=n Specifies thickness for reference lines


Table 37: Axis Options

HAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3> Specifies tick mark values for horizontal axis
HLOWER=value Specifies lower limit on horizontal axis scale
HOFFSET=value Specifies offset for horizontal axis
HUPPER=value Specifies upper limit on horizontal axis scale
NHTICK=n Specifies number of ticks for horizontal axis
NVTICK=n Specifies number of ticks for vertical axis
VAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3> Specifies tick mark values for vertical axis
VAXISLABEL='label' Specifies label for vertical axis
VLOWER=value Specifies lower limit on vertical axis scale
VOFFSET=value Specifies offset for vertical axis
VUPPER=value Specifies upper limit on vertical axis scale
WAXIS=n Specifies thickness for axis


Table 38: Graphics Catalog Options

DESCRIPTION='string' Specifies description for graphics catalog member
NAME='string' Specifies name for plot in graphics catalog


Table 39: Options for Text Enhancement

FONT=font Specifies software font for text
HEIGHT=value Specifies height of text outside framed areas
INHEIGHT=value Specifies height of text inside framed areas


Table 40: Options for Reference Lines

HREF<(INTERSECT)>=value-list Requests horizontal reference line
HREFLABELS=('label1',…,'labeln') Specifies labels for HREF= lines
HREFLABPOS=n Specifies vertical position of labels for HREF= lines
LHREF=linetype Specifies line style for HREF= lines
LVREF=linetype Specifies line style for VREF= lines
VREF<(INTERSECT)>=value-list Requests vertical reference line
VREFLABELS=('label1',…,'labeln') Specifies labels for VREF= lines
VREFLABPOS=n Specifies horizontal position of labels for VREF= lines


Dictionary of Options

The following entries provide detailed descriptions of the options in the PREDPPLOT statement.

ANNOTATE=SAS-data-set
ANNO=SAS-data-set

specifies an Annotate data set, as described in SAS/GRAPH: Reference, that enables you to add features to the predicted probability plot. The ANNOTATE= data set you specify in the PREDPPLOT statement is used for all plots created by the statement.

CAXIS=color
CAXES=color

specifies the color for the axes and tick marks. This option overrides any COLOR= specifications in an AXIS statement. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CFIT=color

specifies the color for the fitted predicted probability curves. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CFRAME=color
CFR=color

specifies the color for the area enclosed by the axes and frame. This area is not shaded by default.

CGRID=color

specifies the color for grid lines. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CHREF=color
CH=color

specifies the color for lines requested by the HREF= option. The default is the first color in the device color list.

CTEXT=color

specifies the color for tick mark values and axis labels. The default is the color specified for the CTEXT= option in the most recent GOPTIONS statement.

CVREF=color
CV=color

specifies the color for lines requested by the VREF= option. The default is the first color in the device color list.

DESCRIPTION='string'
DES='string'

specifies a description, up to 40 characters, that appears in the PROC GREPLAY master menu. The default is the variable name.

FONT=font

specifies a software font for reference line and axis labels. You can also specify fonts for axis labels in an AXIS statement. The FONT= font takes precedence over the FTEXT= font specified in the most recent GOPTIONS statement. Hardware characters are used by default.

HAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3>

specifies tick mark values for the horizontal axis; value1, value2, and value3 must be numeric, and value1 must be less than value2. The lower tick mark is value1. Tick marks are drawn at increments of value3. The last tick mark is the greatest value that does not exceed value2. If value3 is omitted, a value of 1 is used.

Examples of HAXIS= lists follow:

   haxis = 0 to 10
   haxis = 2 to 10 by 2
   haxis = 0 to 200 by 10
HEIGHT=value

specifies the height of text outside framed areas.

HLOWER=value

specifies the lower limit on the horizontal axis scale. The HLOWER= option specifies value as the lower horizontal axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the upper axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the HAXIS= option is used.

HOFFSET=value

specifies the offset for the horizontal axis. The default value is 1.

HUPPER=value

specifies value as the upper horizontal axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the lower axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the HAXIS= option is used.

HREF <(INTERSECT)> =value-list

requests reference lines perpendicular to the horizontal axis. If (INTERSECT) is specified, a second reference line perpendicular to the vertical axis is drawn that intersects the fit line at the same point as the horizontal axis reference line. If a horizontal axis reference line label is specified, the intersecting vertical axis reference line is labeled with the vertical axis value. See also the CHREF=, HREFLABELS=, and LHREF= options.

HREFLABELS='label1',…,'labeln'
HREFLABEL='label1',…,'labeln'
HREFLAB='label1',…,'labeln'

specifies labels for the lines requested by the HREF= option. The number of labels must equal the number of lines. Enclose each label in quotes. Labels can be up to 16 characters.

HREFLABPOS=n

specifies the vertical position of labels for HREF= lines. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Top
2 Staggered from top
3 Bottom
4 Staggered from bottom
5 Alternating from top
6 Alternating from bottom

INBORDER

requests a border around predicted probability plots.

INHEIGHT=value

specifies the height of text inside framed areas.

LEVEL=(character-list)
ORDINAL= (character-list)

specifies the names of the levels for which predicted probability curves are requested. Names should be quoted and separated by space. If there is no correct name provided, no fitted probability curve is plotted.

LFIT=linetype

specifies a line style for fitted curves and confidence limits. By default, fitted curves are drawn by connecting solid lines (linetype = 1) and confidence limits are drawn by connecting dashed lines (linetype = 3).

LGRID=linetype

specifies a line style for all grid lines. The value for linetype is between 1 and 46. The default is 35.

LHREF=linetype
LH=linetype

specifies the line type for lines requested by the HREF= option. The default is 2, which produces a dashed line.

LVREF=linetype
LV=linetype

specifies the line type for lines requested by the VREF= option. The default is 2, which produces a dashed line.

NAME='string'

specifies a name for the plot, up to eight characters, that appears in the PROC GREPLAY master menu. The default is ’PROBIT’.

NHTICK=n

specifies the number of ticks for the horizontal axis.

NOCONF

suppresses confidence limits from the plot. This works only for the binomial model. Confidence limits are not plotted for the multinomial model.

NODATA

suppresses observed data points from the plot. This works only for the binomial model. The data points are not plotted for the multinomial model.

NOFIT

suppresses the fitted predicted probability curves.

NOFRAME

suppresses the frame around plotting areas.

NOGRID

suppresses grid lines.

NOHLABEL

suppresses horizontal labels.

NOHTICK

suppresses horizontal tick marks.

NOTHRESH

suppresses the threshold line.

NOVLABEL

suppresses vertical labels.

NOVTICK

suppresses vertical tick marks.

NVTICK=n

specifies the number of ticks for the vertical axis.

THRESHLABPOS=n

specifies the horizontal position of labels for the threshold line. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Left
2 Right

TURNVLABELS

vertically strings out characters in vertical labels.

VAXIS=value1 to value2 <by value3>

specifies tick mark values for the vertical axis; value1, value2, and value3 must be numeric, and value1 must be less than value2. The lower tick mark is value1. Tick marks are drawn at increments of value3. The last tick mark is the greatest value that does not exceed value2. This method of specification of tick marks is not valid for logarithmic axes. If value3 is omitted, a value of 1 is used.

Examples of VAXIS= lists follow:

   vaxis = 0 to 10
   vaxis = 0 to 2 by .1
VAXISLABEL='string'

specifies a label for the vertical axis.

VLOWER=value

specifies the lower limit on the vertical axis scale. The VLOWER= option specifies value as the lower vertical axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the upper axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the VAXIS= option is used.

VOFFSET=value

specifies the offset for the vertical axis.

VREF=value-list

requests reference lines perpendicular to the vertical axis. If (INTERSECT) is specified, a second reference line perpendicular to the horizontal axis is drawn that intersects the fit line at the same point as the vertical axis reference line. If a vertical axis reference line label is specified, the intersecting horizontal axis reference line is labeled with the horizontal axis value. See also the CVREF=, LVREF=, and VREFLABELS= options.

VREFLABELS='label1',…,'labeln'
VREFLABEL='label1',…,'labeln'
VREFLAB='label1',…,'labeln'

specifies labels for the lines requested by the VREF= option. The number of labels must equal the number of lines. Enclose each label in quotes. Labels can be up to 16 characters.

VREFLABPOS=n

specifies the horizontal position of labels for VREF= lines. The following table shows valid values for n and the corresponding label placements.

n Label Placement
1 Left
2 Right

VUPPER=value

specifies the upper limit on the vertical axis scale. The VUPPER= option specifies value as the upper vertical axis tick mark. The tick mark interval and the lower axis limit are determined automatically. This option has no effect if the VAXIS= option is used.

WAXIS=n

specifies line thickness for axes and frame. The default value is 1.

WFIT=n

specifies line thickness for fitted curves. The default value is 1.

WGRID=n

specifies line thickness for grids. The default value is 1.

WREFL=n

specifies line thickness for reference lines. The default value is 1.

Last updated: December 09, 2022