The Decomposition Algorithm
Example 18.4 Block-Angular Structure in Single-Machine Mode
This example demonstrates how you can use the default automated method to run the decomposition algorithm in single-machine mode.
As in Example 18.3, consider a mixed integer linear program that is defined by the MPS data table mycas.mpsdata. In this case, the structure of the model is unknown and only the MPS data table is provided to you.
The following PROC OPTMILP statements attempt to solve the problem by using standard methods and a 120-second time limit. The DATA= option assumes that your CAS engine libref is named mycas, but you can substitute any appropriately defined CAS engine libref.
proc optmilp
nthreads = 4
maxtime = 120
data = mycas.mpsdata;
run;
The solution summary is shown in Output 18.4.1.
Output 18.4.1: Solution Summary
| Solution Summary | |
|---|---|
| Solver | MILP |
| Algorithm | Branch and Cut |
| Objective Function | Total_Profit |
| Solution Status | Time Limit Reached |
| Objective Value | 6151.1464478 |
| Relative Gap | 0.1422066934 |
| Absolute Gap | 1019.749385 |
| Primal Infeasibility | 0 |
| Bound Infeasibility | 0 |
| Integer Infeasibility | 0 |
| Best Bound | 7170.8958328 |
| Nodes | 1 |
| Solutions Found | 4 |
| Iterations | 70129 |
| Presolve Time | 0.45 |
| Solution Time | 119.75 |
The iteration log, which contains the problem statistics and the progress of the solution, is shown in Output 18.4.2.
Output 18.4.2: Log
| NOTE: The problem MPSDATA has 52638 variables (16038 binary, 0 integer, 0 free, 0 fixed). |
| NOTE: The problem has 3949 constraints (3339 LE, 0 EQ, 610 GE, 0 range). |
| NOTE: The problem has 148866 constraint coefficients. |
| NOTE: The initial MILP heuristics are applied. |
| NOTE: The MILP presolver value AUTOMATIC is applied. |
| NOTE: The MILP presolver removed 0 variables and 734 constraints. |
| NOTE: The MILP presolver removed 17616 constraint coefficients. |
| NOTE: The MILP presolver modified 0 constraint coefficients. |
| NOTE: The presolved problem has 52638 variables, 3215 constraints, and 131250 constraint |
| coefficients. |
| NOTE: The MILP solver is called. |
| NOTE: The parallel Branch and Cut algorithm is used. |
| NOTE: The Branch and Cut algorithm is using up to 4 threads. |
| Node Active Sols BestInteger BestBound Gap Time |
| 0 1 4 6151.1464478 8590.4503506 28.40% 1 |
| 0 1 4 6151.1464478 7342.1209241 16.22% 1 |
| 0 1 4 6151.1464478 7335.3228030 16.14% 8 |
| 0 1 4 6151.1464478 7303.7287394 15.78% 15 |
| 0 1 4 6151.1464478 7276.9511004 15.47% 27 |
| 0 1 4 6151.1464478 7250.0254059 15.16% 41 |
| 0 1 4 6151.1464478 7223.4189658 14.84% 58 |
| 0 1 4 6151.1464478 7191.1363394 14.46% 78 |
| 0 1 4 6151.1464478 7170.8958328 14.22% 99 |
| 0 1 4 6151.1464478 7170.8958328 14.22% 119 |
| NOTE: The MILP solver added 11056 cuts with 246788 cut coefficients at the root. |
| NOTE: Real time limit reached. |
| NOTE: Objective of the best integer solution found = 6151.1464478. |
| NOTE: The Cloud Analytic Services server processed the request in 120.135352 seconds. |
Standard MILP techniques struggle to solve the problem within the specified time limit. The default decomposition method attempts to find a block-angular structure by using the matrix-stretching techniques that are described in Grcar (1990) and Aykanat, Pinar, and Çatalyürek (2004) and techniques that are based on community detection and described in Khaniyev, Elhedhli, and Erenay (2018).
proc optmilp
nthreads = 4
data = mycas.mpsdata;
decomp
hybrid = false;
run;
The solution summary is displayed in Output 18.4.3.
Output 18.4.3: Solution Summary
| Solution Summary | |
|---|---|
| Solver | MILP |
| Algorithm | Decomposition |
| Objective Function | Total_Profit |
| Solution Status | Optimal within Relative Gap |
| Objective Value | 6972.3309348 |
| Relative Gap | 4.2763528E-9 |
| Absolute Gap | 0.0000298161 |
| Primal Infeasibility | 9.925394E-14 |
| Bound Infeasibility | 4.9788464E-8 |
| Integer Infeasibility | 9.325873E-15 |
| Best Bound | 6972.3309646 |
| Nodes | 1 |
| Solutions Found | 11 |
| Iterations | 7 |
| Presolve Time | 0.44 |
| Solution Time | 42.16 |
The iteration log, which contains the problem statistics and the progress of the solution, is shown in Output 18.4.4.
Output 18.4.4: Log
| NOTE: The problem MPSDATA has 52638 variables (16038 binary, 0 integer, 0 free, 0 fixed). |
| NOTE: The problem has 3949 constraints (3339 LE, 0 EQ, 610 GE, 0 range). |
| NOTE: The problem has 148866 constraint coefficients. |
| NOTE: The initial MILP heuristics are applied. |
| NOTE: The MILP presolver value AUTOMATIC is applied. |
| NOTE: The MILP presolver removed 0 variables and 734 constraints. |
| NOTE: The MILP presolver removed 17616 constraint coefficients. |
| NOTE: The MILP presolver modified 0 constraint coefficients. |
| NOTE: The presolved problem has 52638 variables, 3215 constraints, and 131250 constraint |
| coefficients. |
| NOTE: The MILP solver is called. |
| NOTE: The Decomposition algorithm is used. |
| NOTE: The Decomposition algorithm is executing in the distributed computing environment in |
| single-machine mode. |
| NOTE: The DECOMP method value DEFAULT is applied. |
| NOTE: The decomposition identification used 0.23 (cpu: 0.30) seconds. |
| NOTE: The problem has a decomposable structure with 610 blocks. The largest block covers |
| 0.2488% of the constraints in the problem. |
| NOTE: The decomposition subproblems cover 52638 (100%) variables and 3207 (99.75%) constraints. |
| NOTE: The deterministic parallel mode is enabled. |
| NOTE: The Decomposition algorithm is using up to 4 threads. |
| Iter Best Master Best LP IP CPU Real |
| Bound Objective Integer Gap Gap Time Time |
| . 7963.9759 6473.6890 6473.2340 18.71% 18.72% 18 11 |
| 2 7257.8871 6473.6890 6473.2340 10.80% 10.81% 35 17 |
| 3 7147.8687 6883.2701 6473.2340 3.70% 9.44% 61 27 |
| 5 6986.0299 6960.5400 6960.5400 0.36% 0.36% 89 39 |
| 6 6986.0299 6965.5335 6965.5335 0.29% 0.29% 91 40 |
| 7 6972.3310 6972.3309 6972.3309 0.00% 0.00% 95 42 |
| Node Active Sols Best Best Gap CPU Real |
| Integer Bound Time Time |
| 0 1 11 6972.3309 6972.3310 0.00% 95 42 |
| NOTE: The Decomposition algorithm used 4 threads. |
| NOTE: The Decomposition algorithm time is 42.16 seconds. |
| NOTE: Optimal within relative gap. |
| NOTE: Objective = 6972.3309348. |
| NOTE: The Cloud Analytic Services server processed the request in 42.552256 seconds. |
As stated in the log, the algorithm successfully finds a decomposition that contains 610 blocks and has more than 99% subproblem coverage.