MODEL Procedure Details: Estimation by the MODEL Procedure Subsections: Estimation Methods Properties of the Estimates Minimization Methods Convergence Criteria Troubleshooting Convergence Problems Iteration History Computer Resource Requirements Testing for Normality Heteroscedasticity Testing for Autocorrelation Transformation of Error Terms Error Covariance Structure Specification Ordinary Differential Equations Restrictions and Bounds on Parameters Tests on Parameters Hausman Specification Test Chow Tests Profile Likelihood Confidence Intervals Identity Equations Choice of Instruments Autoregressive Moving-Average Error Processes Distributed Lag Models and the %PDL Macro Input Data Sets Output Data Sets ODS Table Names ODS Graphics Last updated: June 19, 2025