The MCMC Procedure

Some Useful SAS Functions

Table 74.44: Some Useful SAS Functions

SAS Function

Definition

abs (x);

airy (x);

Returns the value of the AIRY function.

beta (x1, x2);

call logistic (x);

call softmax (x1, …, xn);

Each element is replaced by

call stdize (x1, …, xn);

Standardize values

cdf ();

Cumulative distribution function

cdf (’normal’, x, 0, 1);

Standard normal cumulative distribution function

comb (x1, x2);

constant (’.’);

Calculate commonly used constants

cos (x);

cosine(x)

css (x1, …, xn);

cv (x1, …, xn);

std(x) / mean(x) * 100

dairy (x);

Derivative of the AIRY function

dimN (m);

Returns the numbers of elements in the Nth dim of array m

x1 eq x2

Returns 1 if x1 = x2; 0 otherwise

x1**x2

geomean (x1, …, xn);

difN (x);

Returns differences between the argument and its Nth lag

digamma (x1);

erf (x);

erfc (x);

1 – erf(x)

fact (x);

floor (x);

Greatest integer

gamma (x);

harmean (x1, …, xn);

ibessel (nu, x, kode);

Modified Bessel function of order nu evaluated at x

jbessel (nu, x);

Bessel function of order nu evaluated at x

lagN (x);

Returns values from a queue

largest (k, x1, …, xn);

Returns the kth largest element

lgamma (x);

lgamma (x+1);

log (x, logN(x));

logbeta (x1, x2);

lgamma() + lgamma() - lgamma()

logcdf ();

Log of a left cumulative distribution function

logpdf ();

Log of a probability density (mass) function

logsdf ();

Log of a survival function

max (x1, x2);

Returns if ; otherwise

mean (of x1–xn);

median (of x1–xn);

Returns the median of nonmissing values

min (x1, x2);

Returns if ; otherwise

missing (x);

Returns 1 if x is missing; 0 otherwise

mod (x1, x2);

Returns the remainder from

n (x1, …, xn);

Returns number of nonmissing values

nmiss (of y1–yn);

Number of missing values

quantile ();

Computes the quantile from a specific distribution

pdf ();

Probability density (mass) functions

perm (n, r);

put ();

Returns a value that uses a specified format

round (x);

Rounds x

rms (of x1–xn);

sdf ();

Survival function

sign (x);

Returns –1 if ; 0 if ; 1 if

sin (x);

sine(x)

smallest (s, x1, …, en );

Returns the sth smallest component of

sortn (of x1-xn);

Sorts the values of the variables

sqrt (x);

std (x1, …, xn) );

Standard deviation of (n-1 in denominator)

sum (of x:);

trigamma (x);

Derivative of the DIGAMMA(x) function

uss (of x1–xn);

Uncorrected sum of squares


Here are examples of some commonly used transformations:

  • logit

    mu = beta0 + beta1 * z1;
    call logistic(mu);
    
  • log

    w = beta0 + beta1 * z1;
    mu = exp(w);
    
  • probit

    w = beta0 + beta1 * z1;
    mu = cdf(`normal', w, 0, 1);
    
  • cloglog

    w = beta0 + beta1 * z1;
    mu = 1 - exp(-exp(w));